Math Functions

All trigonometric functions use radians.

ABS

ABS(Value)

Returns the absolute value of Value.

Returns: Double

Examples:

ABS(-5)      ' 5
ABS(-3.14)   ' 3.14

ACos

ACos(Value)

Returns the arc cosine of Value in radians. Value must be in the range [-1, 1].

Returns: Double (radians)

Examples:

ACos(1)     ' 0.0
ACos(0)     ' 1.5708 (π/2)
ACos(-1)    ' 3.1416 (π)

ASin

ASin(Value)

Returns the arc sine of Value in radians. Value must be in the range [-1, 1].

Returns: Double (radians)

Examples:

ASin(0)    ' 0.0
ASin(1)    ' 1.5708 (π/2)

ATan

ATan(Value)

Returns the arc tangent of Value in radians.

Returns: Double (radians)

Examples:

ATan(1)    ' 0.7854 (π/4)
ATan(0)    ' 0.0

Ceiling

Ceiling(Value)

Rounds Value up to the nearest integer (toward positive infinity).

Returns: Double

Examples:

Ceiling(4.1)    ' 5
Ceiling(4.9)    ' 5
Ceiling(-4.1)   ' -4

Clamp

Clamp(Value, MinValue, MaxValue)

Constrains Value to the range [MinValue, MaxValue]. If Value is below MinValue, returns MinValue. If above MaxValue, returns MaxValue.

Parameter	Description
`Value`	The value to clamp
`MinValue`	The minimum allowed value
`MaxValue`	The maximum allowed value

Returns: Double

Examples:

Clamp(150, 0, 100)    ' 100
Clamp(-5, 0, 100)     ' 0
Clamp(50, 0, 100)     ' 50

Cos

Cos(Value)

Returns the cosine of Value (in radians).

Returns: Double

Examples:

Cos(0)     ' 1.0
Cos(PI)    ' -1.0

Fix

Fix(Value)

Returns the integer portion of Value by truncating toward zero (no rounding).

Returns: Integer

Examples:

Fix(4.9)    ' 4
Fix(-4.9)   ' -4

Note: Unlike Floor, Fix truncates toward zero, so Fix(-4.9) = -4 not -5.

Floor

Floor(Value)

Rounds Value down to the nearest integer (toward negative infinity).

Returns: Double

Examples:

Floor(4.9)     ' 4
Floor(-4.1)    ' -5

Int

Int(Value)

Converts Value to an integer. Equivalent to Floor for positive numbers; rounds down toward negative infinity.

Returns: Integer

Examples:

Int(4.9)     ' 4
Int(-4.1)    ' -5

Pow

Pow(Value, Exponent)

Raises Value to the power of Exponent.

Parameter	Description
`Value`	The base
`Exponent`	The exponent

Returns: Double

Examples:

Pow(2, 10)     ' 1024
Pow(9, 0.5)    ' 3.0 (square root)

Tip: The ^ operator also computes exponentiation: 2 ^ 10 = 1024.

Round

Round(Value, [Precision])

Rounds Value to the nearest value. If Precision (number of decimal places) is provided, rounds to that many decimal places. If omitted, rounds to the nearest integer.

Parameter	Description
`Value`	The value to round
`Precision`	(optional) Number of decimal places (default 0)

Returns: Double

Examples:

Round(3.567)       ' 4
Round(3.567, 2)    ' 3.57
Round(3.545, 2)    ' 3.54 (banker's rounding)

Note: Uses .NET Math.Round which applies banker's rounding (midpoint rounds to even).

Sin

Sin(Value)

Returns the sine of Value (in radians).

Returns: Double

Examples:

Sin(0)        ' 0.0
Sin(PI / 2)   ' 1.0

Sqr

Sqr(Value)

Returns the square root of Value. Alias for Sqrt.

Returns: Double

Examples:

Sqr(9)     ' 3.0
Sqr(2)     ' 1.4142...

Sqrt

Sqrt(Value)

Returns the square root of Value. Equivalent to Sqr.

Returns: Double

Examples:

Sqrt(25)    ' 5.0
Sqrt(2)     ' 1.4142...

Tan

Tan(Value)

Returns the tangent of Value (in radians).

Returns: Double

Examples:

Tan(0)        ' 0.0
Tan(PI / 4)   ' 1.0